The 13km walk to Mt Cloudmaker is varied and rugged, and takes longer than you might expect, with lots of ups (900m) and downs (1000m). RM2B9028G - 'English: Mount Cloudmaker, Kanangra Boyd National Park, NSW, Australia. arriving in the wee hours of the morning. I had injured my shoulder badly only a couple of weeks before, and The cliffs on the west side of Mt Berry have superb views of Crafts Wall and Kanangra Walls. Great trail with incredible views from the plateau. Compagnoni Pass Hike in Kananga Boyd national park - We Are Explorers The 2019-2020 bushfires significantly affected the area and since the fires much of the track has become overgrown, and the path is indistinct and difficult to follow. It climbs steadily to the fire tower at Bushwalkers Hill and then descends to the narrow point of the Neck. Greater Blue Mountains Area - New World Encyclopedia It is recommended that clients book accommodation in Katoomba for the night prior and night after the trip, though if you live in Sydney it is possible to drive up very early on the day the walk starts and drive home late on the last day. Of course, that might have just been our excuse for Further east, in the Coxs River area, is the large Kanimbla granite batholith, implaced during the Carboniferous period. Kanangra Walls with Mt Cloudmaker in the distance. The ones at Dex Creek and Mobbs Swamp usually have water available, which is why they are popular. We broke for lunch at the top, Katoomba to Kanangra hikes are currently scheduled for: One of the rewards of running trips like the K2K is the people you meet on the way. I teach the empowering skill of bush navigation through my regular navigation training weekends and am happy to provide follow up training on my guided bushwalks including the Katoomba to Kanangra hike. You may also be walking through regrowth that is dense and head high in places. From Dex Creek it is about 45 minutes' walk on a gently rising trail to reach the summit of Mt Cloudmaker, one of the, 3 day trip (only if all clients and the leader agree to 3 day option)*. Tom crossing the cold Coxs River We first ended up fighting thick scrub all the I wonder whether the NPWS takes an interest With such a big group sharing the Cave, positions around the one and only campfire were at a premium. There is a large but gloomy camp cave just above the creek below the campsite. For directions, safety and practical information, see visitor info. Once on the ridge above Dex Creek, we tried Every person and every hike is different, so customise your kit according to your needs.Download your free checklists here >>. Day 1: Kanangra Walls to Mt Cloudmaker to Dex Creek Saturday morning saw us drive down to the parking lot at what we thought was an early hour, only to find it full already. A high traverse via Mt Merrimerrigal, Mt Warrigal and Mt Mouin is an alternative route to Medlow Gap, but requires that you have sufficient water. By allowing this amount of time you can enjoy the spectacular scenery, make side trips to points of interest such as Splendour Rock, and enjoy a couple of nights camping away from it all. Play. This track descends quite steeply down a narrow ridge, but . small minaret for a spectacular shot across the Kanangra Creek gorge. There is substantial loss and gain of elevation on the walk which means there are long descents and ascents. Logbook | Rachel Grindlay For details on how to get to Kanangra Walls, see the information in the Kanangra Walls region, to the right. After a break, continue on to Mt Stormbreaker. which was clear on the map. If you have sufficient water, you can take a short cut about half way down aiming for the bottom of Yellow Pup Ridge. River flats on the Coxs River. We did the 3 day option which i think suits someone who likes a physical challenge, the 4 day option would be good for some physical down time and allow more opportunity to stop and take it all in. enjoy the view. Looking forward to more! a small stream, which we filtered. While the walk is most commonly done over three days, it can be done in two days by fit parties overnighting somewhere in the vicinity of the Coxs River. Click on thumbnails for large images - Fullscreen ( Fullscreen Requires JavaScript) Ashley Burke's Three Peaks Page - Ashley Eylenburg No other people in sight! Further east, in the Coxs River area, is the large Kanimbla granite batholith, implaced during the Carboniferous period. wilderness walk was the best thing for the June Long Weekend. Water can usually be found in the creek below the campsite, or a little further along where the creek crosses the main track. Yellow Pup and A lovely overnight walk in a beautiful national park, and great company from the welcoming groupof SBW walkers. Kanangra Walls is at the terminus of the Kanangra Walls road, about 1 hour and 40 minutes' drive from Katoomba. Are you planning a bushwalk, going somewhere remote or where the weather is extreme? Trail Hiking Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the landson which we hike and pay respects to their Elders, past and present, and we acknowledge the First Nations peopleof other communities who may be here today. up, and the sun disappeared behind the clouds. Would you like to do this hike with an experienced guide? are useful and generally contain more, and more accurate, information on The The hike should take around 3-4 days to complete. 6 km beyond the campsite is the Kanangra Walls carpark from whence the short, easy, wheelchair-friendly Lookout Walk departs. ALLTRAILS and the AllTrails Mountain Design are registered trademarks of AllTrails, LLC in the United States as well as certain other jurisdictions. The 2019-2020 bushfires significantly affected the area and since the fires much of the track has become overgrown, and the path is indistinct and difficult to follow. There is a steep hill shortly after this, and one more downhill and uphill brings you to the locked gate and your car (if you've left it there). Two of the features most spoken of in the Kanangra-Boyd National park are the Kanangra Falls and Kanangra Walls. adding layer after layer of clothing as we cooled down, the wind picked Jonathan on a peak somewhere. Mt Cloudmaker is the highest in the Gangerang Range. Kanangra-Boyd Lookout Walk - Aussie Bushwalking We love outdoor adventures! The steepest ascent of the day is from here, up to Mt High and Mighty. The key difficulties of this walk are in the distance to be covered each day, and the large amount of elevation change. . The first part of the walk was quite easy, being out along the Plateau itself. Understand [ edit] Created in 1969, Kanangra-Boyd National Park covers 66,681 ha. Kanangra Walls to Carlons Farm Hike 2009 | Flickr - Brennan Top Click the button below to review the gear list for this trip. A short walk upstream is our campsite in a lovely peaceful river flat among casuarina trees. Nontrivial #4 - Kanangra to Katoomba (GC3K0DW) was created by jonnosan on 5/9/2012. I would highly recommend his walks and training to anyone and will be looking forward to the next adventure.". Or continue on down a short set of steps to the lookout platform for an even better view. Kanangra walls to Mt Cloudmaker - Blue Mountains - Australia - June 2010 1,791 views Jun 7, 2010 We walked from Kanangra Walls to the base of Mount Cloudmaker and camped overnight.. There Kanangra-Boyd is always open, but may have to close at times due to poor weather or fire danger. Cloudmaker and Guouogang are eroded remnants of Ordovician quartzite. If it's offered over 4 days next year, that makes it a different experience that I hope I can be a part of :) I think you go out of your way to make sure everyone is comfortable and well taken care off, and well informed, and provided for. For the more adventurous, it is also the start of the track to Katoomba, via Mt Cloudmaker, Cox's River, the Wild Dog Mountains and Narrow Neck. Let someone know before you go. Please enable javascript to access the full functionality of this site. This lookout point is unfenced so that visitors can enjoy unparalleled views of the country's remarkable . Sarah at Kanangra Walls looking towards Mt Cloudmaker Thurat Spires View from Mt Stormbreaker Our route from the Kowmung, was via Roots Range to Gingra Range and then to Kanangra Walls where we had lunch in a sheltered cave on the eastern end of the main plateau. Take the north east branch, which keeps close to the northern edge of the tops. Nearby Kanangra Gorge is cut 600-900 metres (2,000-3,000 ft) deep in rocks of the Lambie Group, and is one of Australia's deepest gorges. Here we refill water bottles and after some more trail walking, we climb up steeply to finally reach Splendour Rock, our first camp site. It was easy walking and I estimated that we were less than an hour from 100 Man Cave (our campsite for the night). We camp among the trees a little way back from the exposed rock itself. The next section is the longest climb on the walk. By this time it was 4 pm and the light was failing, so, out came the compass and map for what I anticipated was a navigational challenge to find the Cave in the dark (with only an estimated grid reference on my map and not having been there before). Jenolan Caves & Kanangra Walls Lookout 4WD | Backpacker Deals We regrouped up on the ridge. Over the crest of Mt Berry was the Keep an eye out for soaring wedge-tail eagles! Poles are a good idea if you have questionable knees or ankles. Kanangra Walls to Crafts Walls: By Sydney Explorers our story of wood there Highlights include: From Mobbs Swamp, head north on the track, which swings around to the east as you pass Blue Dog Ridge. 1000m altitude difference between highest and lowest point. started. At a large clearing about 1km on to the tops, the trail divides, and becomes narrower. I personally enjoy a trip that has some physical and mental challenges, so the difficulties faced from some of the elevations on this trip didn't bother me at all. Category : Kanangra-Boyd National Park - Wikimedia and found It can also be hard to find water near 100 man cave so you might want to carry two days worth so you survive the return trip. Take a virtual tour of Kanangra-Boyd lookout captured withGoogle Street View Trekker. The walk includes the spectacular Kanangra Walls, the Gangerang Range, the Coxs River valley, the Wild Dog Mountains and the Narrow Neck plateau. Total distance of 52km with single day distances of up to 20km. Mt Cloudmaker is on the Kanangra Walls to Katoomba route and on the route from Ti Willa Plateau to Kanangra Walls. I do this by more than just taking people on organised bushwalks. More Blue Mountains Heritage Centre and Blackheath office 02 4787 8877 Contact hours: 9am to 4.30pm daily. Kanangra Walls - Mt Cloudmaker Hike 31/5/03 - 1/6/03 Date: 10 May 2015, 11:09:20: Source: Own work: Author: Dhx1: This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Earth 2016. The hike should take around 3-4 days to complete. Kanangra Walls to Mt Cloudmaker - YouTube Kanangra Walls to Mt Cloudmaker 1,011 views Jun 28, 2008 Hike to Mt Cloudmaker from Kanangra Walls (NSW, Australia) and return - 27/28 June. thought was an early hour, only to find it full already. By mid-afternoon after climbing Mt High & Mighty, Len decided that his proposed route had a few too many ups and downs for his legs and knees which were giving him considerable trouble and so he decided to spend the night on Mt Stormbreaker with Kathy and Peter and they would head back to Kanangra the following day. Tom patching blisters. a day walk, we set off to get the car shuffle out of the way. Expansive mountain gorges, magnificent lookouts and a series of wild and scenic rivers give a special edge to Kanagra-Boyd's wilderness. Being the June long weekend The group was a bit larger thanwhat Id recommend for walking in Kanangra, but Len was sure everything would be fine. Another group we bumped into was The Boyd Plateau comprises a dome of Devonian granite intruded into Devonian quartzites and sedimentaries. like this. Top of Katoomba street, at entrance to Katoomba station. maybe the route, features or access conditions have changed? Understand[ edit] Description from the NSW National Park Website. The track took us up and over Mt Cloudmaker, along the knife-edge line of Rip, Rack Roar and Rumble, Mt Stormbreaker, Mt Berry and eventually back up to Kanangra Walls. few kms of flat walking, we were heading along the faint track along along the way, and so didn't have to organise our own car shuffle. Rather, by offering trips like the Katoomba to Kanangra walk, I hope to provide you the security of knowing you are safely led by an experienced guide, whilst at the same time passing on to you the skills that will enable you to gain the confidence to become independent and self reliant in the future. I got picked up by a very generous friend at 3:45am, reached Kanangra in time to see the walls at dawn, climbed up Mt Cloudmaker, signed the last page of the logbook there about 10:00am then carried on to Katoomba. This area is unforgiving and there's not water on route to Mt Cloudmaker. By submitting this form, you consent to the collection and use of your personal information in accordance with this policy. Early in 2014 I joined a bushwalking club to walk in some new areas and learn some new tricks. after dinner Over 200 birds and 98 reptile species have been recorded. 100 MAN CAVE & GINGRA RANGE JUNE 2012 Gingra Hike - Mar 2016 - Brookvale Curl Curl Scout Group While the hike is most commonly done over three days, it can be done in two days by fit parties overnighting somewhere in the vicinity of the Coxs River. However, you will need to make sure you can meet in the middle to exchange keys. . We car-camped at Boyd River campsite the night before, and were up early for a 7:30am start. The other car you will need to get to Kanangra Walls. - in a day. All in all, fantastic day and well worth the drive. Keep to the right of the cliff until you can walk up a gully on to the tops. The river should only be about knee deep at this point. Views were incredible and area was not heavily trafficked.perfect spot to have a picnic and enjoy the view. Take a welcome break here, it is the one and only river encountered on the route. This out and back route begins and ends from the end of Kangara Walls Road, which is more suited to 4WD vehicles, especially after rain. Maps: Gangerang (Dunphy) Kanangra 8930-3S. Ideal fitness preparation would be similar activities to what we'll actually be doing on this walk, namely bushwalking with a backpack and climbing up and down long hills. The size of the group will be capped at 8 clients, and the trip will not proceed unless a minimum number of 5 clients sign up. Although we saw evidence that others had also taken our route, there wasnt a track and we were really just route-finding across the plateau trying to avoid burned out hakea. The first day is the longest in distance of the entire walk. ; 9 July 2008 (original upload date); Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Berichard using CommonsHelper. Victoria pub, where a well-deserved hot dinner was in order as the snow Ashley is someone who is willing to share his knowledge, he does this quite naturally, without too much formality and with zero arrogance. Mt Debert, with Mt Mouin and Mt Warrigal in the background, from Clear Hill. There are plenty of good campsites along the way. Check out this 8.7-km out-and-back trail near Kanangra, New South Wales. The place is literally riddled with fire trails and a few walking tracks. -33.988355 150.108817 . Kanangra to Katoomba requires a long car shuffle. Any personal details provided on this submission form will not be shown on the website or used by me in any way other than to email you to say thanks. The tortoises continued on over Rip Rack Roar and Rumble to Mt Cloudmaker; by this time most of us were past clambering over rocks and had had enough of going up-hill so it was with relief that we started down the track to Ti Willa Top. to fall. I Otherwise, continue along the track for a further 2km to Mobbs Swamp, a convenient campsite for the night. There looked to be an old trail which followed the Kanangra Walls to Crafts Walls getting there: It's a long drive from Sydney take the road to Jenolan Caves and continue on through the caves up the other side then turn left onto Kanangra Road this is a gravel road fairly good condition although have noticed it has deteriorated over the last 12 months, drive carefully its about 27 km to the lookout car park from the turn off. Ashley puts a lot of effort into the organisation of the trip and provides very professional information both prior and during the hike. "He thought he was already at the foot of Mount Cloudmaker - at Gabes Gap! Kanangra-Boyd National Park | NoBMoB The hike incorporates the summit of Mt Cloudmaker, one of the famous Blue Mountains Three Peaks, and most walkers passing over this summit would sign the logbook there. The walk is best done in the cooler months, as there are plenty of ups and downs, and limited water options along the way. As a bushwalk, the Mount Manning (Bucketty) to . weather following. Most saddles between Mt Berry and Mt Strongleg offer a flat grassy area. Expect long knee crushing descents and seemingly endless quad screaming climbs, especially on Day 3! English: View from Kanangra-Boyd lookout over Kanangra Walls and Mount Cloudmaker, Kanangra-Boyd National Park, New South Wales, Australia. We follow the fire trail along the top of this plateau on Day 1. There are several well known landmarks in the park, such as Mount Cloudmaker, Kanangra Walls and the Thurat Spires. In a few places the path is very faint and you need to push your way through dense and stiff vegetation to finally reach our second night's campsite at Dex Creek. My trips allow you the autonomy of bringing your own gear and food, whilst providing you full guiding services, navigation, knowledge of the route and area, and organisation of all the logistics. Victoria to less than 200m (656 ft) around Glenbrook. The ridge drops off steeply to the west, so it is usually easiest to keep to the west side. Let's do it in a day. Much of the hike is through wilderness, for which there are no signs, and tracks in places are vague. However, in the middle of June it also If you are lost or require help and have phone reception, call 000 and ask for police. Konangaroo Clearing is a large grassy area next to Kanangra Creek, and would be an excellent campsite if doing the walk in two days. way to the top of the ridge. . Kanangra Creek - Marooba Karoo - Mt Cloudmaker - Kanangra Walls carpark: Day 1 - Mount Guouogang. Just 180km from the outskirts of Sydney, Kanangra-Boyd National Park, part of Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, feels like youve crossed an ocean to get there. The distances below assume a car at the locked gate. Tom Brennan : website@ozultimate.com : updated 1999-06-14, OZultimate.com - Canyoning Near Sydney - Bushwalking NSW - Tom Brennan. Strongleg. Tom and Jonathan on the Kilpatrick Causeway above Kanangra Deep. Saturday morning saw us drive down to the parking lot at what we The national park is bounded to the north by open farmland; to the east by the Coxs River, the Blue Mountains National Park and the Kowmung River; to the southeast by the Yerranderie State Conservation Area; to the south by the Nattai National Park and the Wombeyan Caves Road; to the southwest by the Blue Mountains National Park; and to the west by the Kowmung River, the Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve, and open farmland and extensive state forests that surround the town of Oberon. The Boyd Plateau is slowly recovering from logging, and is the highest land in the World Heritage Area. Boyd River Camping - Wild Blue Wanders At the time I said that day 2 was the hardest I had ever done; in retrospect I would be more than happy to do it all over again, so while I found it hard I don't think it rates as the hardest thing ever!! From here we descend on a well trodden walking trail to Medlow Gap, and thence continue around the Wild Dog Mountains staying on the well trodden trail until we reach Mobbs Swamp. There is no public transport to or from Kananga Walls so private transport needs to be arranged for pickup from or dropoff at Kanangra Walls. My services as your experienced guide for the entire length of the 4 day trek. the weather was very cold, and my toes had well and truly gone numb by Shoalhaven Bushwalkers In conclusion, you need to consider the following when assessing in your own mind the level of difficulty of the walk: Please check the photos of the route and the detailed distance and elevation charts provided to you in your information pack when deciding if this trip is suitable for you. The 68,660-hectare (169,700-acre) national park is situated approximately 180 kilometres (110mi) south-west of Sydney and is contiguous with the Blue Mountains National Park and the Nattai National Park. Points to remember: dirt road out to Kanangra had lots of pot holes and muddy areas that we would find challenging if we werent in a 4x4, lots of Roos on the road too! Still it was nice to finally see the car park at Kanangra Walls Set within world heritage Kanangra Boyd National Park, the spectacular Kanangra Walls can be found approx 1 hours drive from Oberon. The best place to soak in this splendour is the Kanangra-Boyd Lookout; a viewpoint that is easy to access. A unique form of tall open forest occurs in the Kedumba Valley, dominated by Camden white gum, an endangered species limited to these populations. - Rock climbing to descend off plateau, 2.7km: Rockclimbing to descend off of the plateau. They can then inform police if you dont return on time. This long climb brings you to Mt Strongleg, from where it is still quite a long walk on a stony path that is faint in places to reach the Gangerang Plateau and some beautiful views. The Best Walks in the Blue Mountains - Sydney Protected area in New South Wales, Australia, "Kanangra-Boyd National Park: Park management", "Kanangra-Boyd National Park: Facilities and activities", Valley Heights Locomotive Depot Heritage Museum, Greater Blue Mountains Area (World Heritage Site), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanangra-Boyd_National_Park&oldid=1118480657, Parks and reserves of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales), All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Lookout Walk the easiest and wheelchair accessible, this ten-minute route along well-formed tracks leads to the first lookout which overlooks the gorges of, Waterfall Walk accessible from the Lookout Walk, this route leads down into a gully where the Kalang Falls splash into a pool; and. Develop new skills, learn how to prepare for your next hike and remain safe while navigating the trail. onto Jenolan Caves Rd from the Great Western Highway, the snow started This track was very overgrown and this was when we decided to turn back because we realised our error. An overnight trip toMt Cloudmaker sleeping in Hundred Man Cave, Kanangra Boyd National Park, in April was the last of myqualifying walks to become a member ofSBW. The plateau trail is very wet and muddy but generally easy to follow despite the lack of any markers. At the From the Walls we followed the well-defined track across the plateau and down the pass which took us to Kilpatrick Causeway and past Craft Walls. Took us an hour per 750m between those two locations, so definitely make sure to add time at the moment! The track heads WNW and then north to Mt Amarina, but it is worth climbing Mt Moorilla Maloo if you have time. We walk out along the Narrow Neck plateau along a fire trail, a distance of 10km. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. You need to be careful to avoid slipping or straining an ankle on this uneven rough path. Poles are a good idea if you have questionable knees or ankles. My first venture along parts of the Katoomba to Kanangra walk was a day hike from Kanangra Walls to Mt Cloudmaker in 1982. On Day 3, we return to Kanangra Walls, enjoying the spectacular views in the opposite direction. Then the rain started, and that changed everything, we were now all getting chilled because of the slow pace. Leave one car in Katoomba, either on Narrow Neck at the Golden Stairs car park or the locked gate, or in Katoomba itself. Yellow Dog Ridge. The cost of this is included in the fee for the trip. in any case. You may take significantly longer, and may in fact need to turn back if the scrub gets too tough to push through. wide and flat-topped, and there were no views at all to speak of. Nicole at a lookout on the climb up to Cloudmaker. slippery bottom of a cold river in the fastest time possible. Gabes Gap is the low point on the walk, the path through the gap is steep in both directions. Kanangra Walls to Carlons Farm - OZultimate.com bushwalking Keep your eyes peeled for echidnas and lyrebirds, particularly during summer. Time:3 days Distance:36 km Fitness:M Skill:M Ascent:1380 m, A variant on one of the classic Blue Mountains walks - finishing at Carlon's Farm below Blackheath, rather than at Katoomba, Time:5 hrs Distance:11 km Fitness:EM Skill:M Ascent:440 m, An interesting trip exploring of one of the old miners' passes of Narrow Neck, with good views of the Megalong Valley. However we decided to get moving quickly as there looked to be more bad For the fishing enthusiasts, trout can be caught along Kowmung River and, for the adventurous, canyoning is popular during the warmer months. But the rain had stopped and the sun came out at dusk. [5], The complex geology, climate, fire regime, and topography has enabled a wide variety of ecosystems to develop. . Beautiful walk on the plateau with amazing 360 degree views. The reward for all this effort is to transect a vast swathe of the southern Blue Mountains wilderness, taking in majestic mountain scenery in the process. Plateau Walk turns off before the main lookout and leads into the Kanangra Wilderness and onto the expansive heath-covered Kanangra Tops Plateau. It's a Small size geocache, with difficulty of 2, terrain of 5. The metamorphic and igneous rocks, steep . Altitude: 1164 metres Class: You'll need to leave pups at home dogs aren't allowed on this trail. Thurat Spires, Kanangra Walls and Mount Cloudmaker provide sandstone scenery on a majestic scale." (sic.) We got there first, but by the time we started collecting a meagre supply 31/5/03 - 1/6/03. the bottom of Yellow Dog Ridge. This walk is excellent for bird watching and wildlife spotting. was a small cairn and log book, but it is not exactly a mountain that you Leave one car in Katoomba, either on Narrow Neck at the Golden Stairs car park or the locked gate, or in Katoomba itself. Kanangra to Katoomba - Athol Abrahams (SUBW), Kanangra to Katoomba - Australian Plants Online, Kanangra to Katoomba - David Thurstun (SUBW), Kanangra to Katoomba - Shoalhaven Bushwalkers, Kanangra to Katoomba - Horst Bardhof (archive.org). I answered that I would have preferred it to have been over 4 days instead of 3 - to be honest I was very happy with the hike as it was, and I certainly don't regret doing it over 3 days. Back to home page. Today there would scarcely be a peak, ridge, spur or valley visible from any vantage point along the entire route that I have not personally been to. Participants: Tom Brennan, Jonathan Potts, Nicole Shepherd. These radiate down off Gingra Range which is accessed from Kanangra Walls. However, Sydney's Great Outdoors: Kanangra-Boyd National Park - Broadsheet After a However, they can be crowded at times. Just 180km from the outskirts of Sydney, Kanangra-Boyd National Park, part of the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Property, feels like you've crossed an ocean to get there. You can find out more about how DPE handles the personal information it collects online by reading our privacy policy. If it is more than waist deep then it is dangerous to cross, and you may need to wait or return to Kanangra Walls. It ended up taking us an hour just to travel the one kilometre I have had more than 30 years experience of bushwalking along this route and would welcome you on this trip. Descent off of the plateau was difficult to find. Some of the tracks on the ground may be heavily overgrown, or non-existent. We reached Mobbs Swamp in the late afternoon, and surprisingly enough crest of the ridge. This page was last edited on 27 October 2022, at 06:56.
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