[13], Upon his return to Kansas, Anderson continued horse trafficking, but ranchers in the area soon became aware of his operations. Quantrill attained near-unanimous consent to travel 40 miles (64km) into Union territory to strike Lawrence. Anderson subsequently returned to Missouri as the leader of his own group of raiders and became the most feared guerrilla in the state, robbing and killing a large number of Union soldiers and civilian sympathizers. [60][61][62] They told General Cooper that Quantrill was responsible for the death of a Confederate officer; the general had Quantrill arrested. [126] The Union soldier held captive at Centralia was impressed with the control Anderson exercised over his men. Upon returning to the Confederate leadership, Anderson was commissioned as a captain by General Price. The Missouri Partisan Ranger Act , On July 17, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas Hindman issued the Missouri Partisan Ranger Act. and also on the Agnes City Census of Kansas in 1850. [29] In the resulting skirmish, several raiders were captured or killed and the rest of the guerrillas, including Anderson, split into small groups to return to Missouri. Touch for directions. [47] The raiding party was pursued by Union forces but eventually managed to break contact with the soldiers and scatter into the Missouri woods. Bloody Bill's Guns Bill Langley had used a number of different guns during his career as a killer. [41], Arriving in Lawrence on August 21, the guerrillas immediately killed a number of Union Army recruits and one of Anderson's men took their flag. However, his gun of choice was said to be the Dance .44 caliber cap and ball revolver. He commanded 3040 men, one of whom was Archie Clement, an 18-year-old with a predilection for torture and mutilation who was loyal only to Anderson. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Settlements & Settlers War, US Civil. [124] Anderson watched the fire from nearby bluffs. [147] Union soldiers claimed that Anderson was found with a string that had 53 knots, symbolizing each person he had killed. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. En route, some guerrillas robbed a Union supporter, but Anderson knew the man and reimbursed him. Quantrill expelled him and warned him not to come back, and the man was fatally shot by some of Quantrill's men when he attempted to return. [65], On July 6, a Confederate sympathizer brought Anderson newspapers containing articles about him. Anthony Edwards as "Goose" in Top Gun (1986) : Brown had devoted significant attention to the border area, Anderson led raids in Cooper County and Johnson County, Missouri, robbing local residents. Death 27 Oct 1864 (aged 24-25) Albany, Ray County, Missouri, USA. Anderson and his men camped with at least 300 men, including Todd. [127] Although many of them wished to execute this Union hostage, Anderson refused to allow it. He angered Anderson by ordering his forces to withdraw. Usually a wife, sister, mother or sweetheart used ribbons, shells and needlework to create the ellaborately [sic] decorated shirts. and M.A. More lies and sensationalized stories have been told of William T. Anderson than any other Civil War Border War guerrilla except those of William Clarke Quantrill himself. For the more effectual annoyance of the enemy upon our rivers and in our mountains and woods all citizens of this district who are not conscripted are called upon to organize themselves into independent companies of mounted men or infantry, as they prefer, arming themselves and to serve in that part of the district to which they belong. Gen. Henry Halleck's General Orders No. Historians have made disparate appraisals of Anderson; some see him as a sadistic, psychopathic killer, while others put his actions into the perspective of the general desperation and lawlessness of the time and the brutalization effect of war. And that is the terrible truth of the story of Bloody Bill Anderson. As he entered the building he was restrained by a constable and fatally shot by Baker. [53], On October 12, Quantrill and his men met General Samuel Cooper at the Canadian River and proceeded to Mineral Springs, Texas, to rest for the winter. 11, but guerrilla activity continued throughout the war in other regions of the state. Again, were those 2 pistols found on the horse or were there more as Cox's statement was in the plural. Stories about Anderson's brutality during the War were legion. Anderson's horse, saddle & 2 pistols were presented later to a general. One one hand, they were useful, serving to tie down Union forces. Confederate States Army. [96] Although a large group of guerrillas was assembled, their leaders felt there were no promising targets to attack because all of the large towns nearby were heavily guarded. Carrying multiple loaded guns gave them an edge against soldiers equipped with a single-shot, muzzle-loading musket. [91], Anderson met Todd and Quantrill on September 24, 1864; although they had clashed in the past, they agreed to work together again. [132], Anderson traveled 70 miles (110km) east with 80 men to New Florence, Missouri. Around the same time, William T. Anderson fatally shot a member of the Kaw tribe outside Council Grove; he claimed that the man had tried to rob him. In addition, it is included in the Missouri - A State Divided: The Civil War in Missouri series list. (, In his biography of Quantrill, historian Duane Schultz counters that General, Some accounts of Anderson's death relate that he was decapitated and his head impaled on a telegraph pole. [1] By 1860, the young William T. Anderson was a joint owner of a 320-acre (1.3km2) property that was worth $500;[c] his family had a total net worth of around $1,000. The tension between the two groups markedly increasedsome feared open warfare would resultbut by the time of the wedding, relations had improved. Todd rested his men in July to allow them to prepare for a Confederate invasion of Missouri. Anderson led a band of volunteer partisan raiders who targeted Union loyalists and federal soldiers in the states of Missouri and Kansas. [52] Not satisfied with the number killed, Anderson and Todd wished to attack the fort again, but Quantrill considered another attack too risky. The Death of William Anderson , On Oct. 27, 1864, about 300 men of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, led by Union Lt. Col. Samuel P. Cox, ambushed Anderson and his guerrilla force in Ray County's Albany, Mo. He was the son of a hatter who an enthusiastic pro-slavery man would often abandon his family for long periods to go gold prospecting. Guerrilla Tactics In response, Union militias developed hand signals to verify that approaching men in Union uniforms were not guerrillas. They claimed to be fighting for the Confederacy, but in fact, their murdering and looting benefited only their pocketbooks. [112] Although five guerrillas were killed by the first volley of Union fire, the Union soldiers were quickly overwhelmed by the well-armed guerrillas, and those who fled were pursued. Soon after Anderson left Glasgow, a local woman saw him and told Cox of his presence. [165] Castel and Goodrich view Anderson as one of the war's most savage and bitter combatants, but they also argue that the war made savages of many others. III. They relied on knowledge of the local terrain for survival. This may help as far as relatives of Bloody Bill Anderson,who was William T.Anderson born 1839,son of William Anderson and Martha Thomasson. William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson was a southern sympathizing bushwhacker born in Missouri and raised in Kansas. [24] Confederate General Sterling Price failed to gain control of Missouri in his 1861 offensive and retreated into Arkansas, leaving only partisan rangers and local guerrillas known as "bushwhackers" to challenge Union dominance. [10], In the late 1850s, Ellis Anderson fled to Iowa after killing a native American. In October of 1864, Anderson's unit was trapped and outnumbered in Missouri, and 'Bloody Bill' was killed when he charged the Union troops. Born in Kentucky in 1839 before moving to Missouri and eventually living in Kansas when the Civil War started, Bill Anderson soon earned the non de plume "Bloody Bill.". [84] The guerrillas quickly forced the attackers to flee, and Anderson shot and injured one woman as she fled the house. William T. Anderson was one of the most notorious Confederate guerrillas of the Civil War. The Union troops took his body to Richmond, Mo. [74] By August, the St. Joseph Herald, a Missouri newspaper, was describing him as "the Devil". Among his troops was a well-established group of guerrilla fighters led by William Anderson, who was known by the nickname " Bloody Bill ." Among his guerrillas was a pair of southern Missouri brothers named Frank and Jesse James. 11. There, his men briefly engaged a group of guerrillas loyal to Quantrill, but no one was injured in the confrontation. [3] His schoolmates recalled him as a well-behaved, reserved child. 2, in March 1862, allowed Union troops in Missouri to hang guerillas as robbers and murder[er]s. Future orders followed the same tone. Violence Was No Stranger (1993). On July 30, Anderson and his men kidnapped the elderly father of the local Union militia's commanding officer. [49], Four days after the Lawrence Massacre, on August 25, 1863, General Ewing retaliated against the Confederate guerrillas by issuing General Order No. [120][121] Anderson evaded the pursuit, leading his men into ravines the Union troops would not enter for fear of ambush. Captains will be held responsible for the good conduct and efficiency of their men and will report to these headquarters from time to time. Gen. Henry Halleck. Even then, reloading the powder & ball would have been almost as fast as changing out the cylinder. James Jay Carafano. [138] Local residents gathered $5,000, which they gave to Anderson; he then released the man, who died of his injuries in 1866. [42] The Provost Marshal of Kansas, a Union captain who commanded military police, surrendered to the guerrillas and Anderson took his uniform[43] (guerrillas often wore uniforms stolen from Union soldiers). Bloody Bill dead. [13] Anderson had told a neighbor that he sought to fight for financial reasons rather than out of loyalty to the Confederacy. On August 10, while traveling through Clay County, Anderson and his men engaged 25 militia members, killing five of them and forcing the rest to flee. They had sworn to be revenged for the death of their father, and made their troubles an excuse for the career of bushwhacking in which they engaged with the Quantrill gang. ; Battle of Albany Civil War Marker near Orrick, Mo. [160] Asa Earl Carter's novel The Rebel Outlaw: Josey Wales (1972) features Anderson as a main character. Longley's Bloody Bill Anderson Mystery Group on July 13, 2009: " Francis M Richardson was a carpenter as shown in the 1860 Grayson County Texas Census. Rains, son of rebel Gen. Reid draws a parallel between the bashi-bazouks of the Ottoman Army and Anderson's guerrillas, arguing that they behaved similarly.[168]. [150][h] Flowers were placed at his grave, to the chagrin of Union soldiers. In July of 1864 Anderson moved his operations to Carroll and Randolph Counties. From famous outlaws like Billy the Kid and Jesse James to lawmen like Wyatt Earp and Wild Bill Hickok to trailblazing pioneers and frontiersmen, this podcast tells the true stories of the real-life characters who shaped this iconic period in American history. Anderson was told to recapture him and gave chase, but he was unable to locate his former commander and stopped at a creek. Their families and other local Confederate sympathizers supplied them with shelter, food, medical care and tactical information about Union activities. The Union militias sometimes rode slower horses and may have been intimidated by Anderson's reputation. [8] After settling there, the Anderson family became friends with A.I. [71] Anderson killed one hotel guest whom he suspected was a U.S. Bloody Bill was played by John Russell who played Marshall Stockburn in Pale Rider. Maupin, pictured above. After the war, several guerrillas, such as Frank and Jesse James, continued their violent behaviors, becoming infamous outlaws. . Missouri - A State Divided: The Civil War in Missouri, Partisan Warfare in the American Civil War, Forces of Change and the Enduring Ozark Frontier: The Civil War. 3. As soon as the company attains the strength required by law it will proceed to elect the other officers to which it is entitled. He was, however, impressed by the effectiveness of Anderson's attacks. On the other hand, the use of tactics like arson, robbery and murder seemed beyond the bounds of honorable combat. General Orders No. However, he was quickly released owing to a problem with the warrant, and fled to Agnes City, fearing he would be lynched. By the time the war started, Missouri's pro-rebel guerrillas were known as . [103], Anderson ordered his men not to harass the women on the train, but the guerrillas robbed all of the men, finding over $9,000 (equivalent to $156,000 in 2021) and taking the soldiers' uniforms. The next day, the 4th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry pursued them, but Anderson launched an ambush that killed seven Union soldiers. Anderson was fatally shot twice in the back of the head. Quantrill and other guerrillas nonetheless sought and sometimes received formal Confederate commissions as partisan rangers. The guerrillas were only able to shoot the Union horses before reinforcements arrived; three of Anderson's men were killed in the confrontation. [85], In early August, Anderson and his men traveled to Clay County. The notorious Bloody Bill was killed in a Union ambush in Missouri. Jesse James. Henry Fuller's interview articles appeared in newspapers and magazines all across the United States. declared martial law in August 1861, giving Union forces broad powers to suppress those who resisted Union control. [109], Anderson arrived at the guerrilla camp and described the day's events, the brutality of which unsettled Todd. Anderson was known for his brutality towards Union soldiers, and pro Union partisans, who were called Jayhawkers. Raised by a family of Southerners in Kansas, Anderson began to support himself by stealing and selling horses in 1862. [64] The next day, in southeast Jackson County, Anderson's group ambushed a wagon train carrying members of the Union 1st Northeast Missouri Cavalry, killing nine. One dating device is the guns; they are all germane to the late 1860s and early 1870s at the . Topics and series. [139][140] Anderson killed several other Union loyalists and some of his men returned to the wealthy resident's house to rape more of his female servants. Location. The Wild West Extravaganza is a history podcast that delves into the fascinating and often tumultuous world of the American Old West. They also burnt Baker's home and stole two of his horses before returning to Missouri on the Santa Fe Trail. Anderson ordered them outside the car and lined up in two files. from Wichita State University and his Ph.D. in History and Political Science from the University of Chicago. The residents of Lawrence, Kansas, would never forget what happened on August 21, 1863, if indeed they were lucky enough to survive. Anderson's bushwhacking marked him as a dangerous man and eventually led the Union to imprison his sisters. [50] Shortly after the initial assault, a larger group of Union troops approached Fort Blair, unaware the fort had been attacked and that the men they saw outside the fort dressed in Union uniforms were actually disguised guerrillas. These "guerrilla shirts" were pullovers with a deep v-neckline and four large pockets. Concluding that eliminating the bushw[h]acker's support network would. 1844) after his marriage in Ohio in 1864 are unclear aside from the fact that he appears to have died prior to Milton. [19] Baker and his brother-in-law brought the man to a store, where they were ambushed by the Anderson brothers. These "guerrilla shirts" were pullovers with a deep v-neckline and four large pockets. [143] The victory made a hero of Cox and led to his promotion. For the American Revolutionary War loyalist, see, Anderson's middle name is unknown. The Federal command in St. Louis, Mo. I do not claim to be an expert on guerrilla warfare in Missouri but am a student of the war in general. 2, in March 1862, allowed Union troops in Missouri to hang guerillas as robbers and murder[er]s. Future orders followed the same tone. [154] Most Confederate guerrillas had lost heart by then, owing to a cold winter and the simultaneous failure of General Price's 1864 invasion of Missouri, which ensured the state would remain securely under Union control for the rest of the war. Operating against Unionists in the midst of the guerrilla war in Missouri and Kansas, he was a leading figure in the infamous Lawrence Massacre and the Centralia Massacre, gaining the nickname "Bloody Bill" for the perceived savagery of his exploits. By the time of his death in 1864 Anderson had become one of the most sought after men in Missouri and had left a trail of blood and hatred across the west and central portions of the state. He sees Anderson as obsessed with, and greatly enjoying, the ability to inflict fear and suffering in his victims, and suggests he suffered from the most severe type of sadistic personality disorder. [57] Quantrill appointed him a first lieutenant, subordinate only to himself and to Todd. After a building collapse in the makeshift jail in Kansas City, Missouri, left one of them dead in custody and the other permanently maimed, Anderson devoted himself to revenge. [111] Anderson then led a charge up the hill. NPS Ozark Historic Research Study (Submitted on October 1, 2020, by William Fischer, Jr. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Serving in the US Marine Corps in WW II, he earned a battlefield commission and decorations for valor at Guadalcanal. [98] They found a large supply of whiskey and all began drinking. Missouri's southern sympathizers hated Union Brig. [141] On October 26, 1864, he pursued Anderson's group with 150 men and engaged them in a battle called the Skirmish at Albany, Missouri. Anderson's men mutilated the bodies, earning the guerrillas the description of "incarnate fiends" from the Columbia Missouri Statesman. William "Bloody Bill" Anderson . Erected by Missouri State Parks. KANSAS CITY Ten women and girls, including three sisters born in Randolph County, were killed or seriously injured when a building owned by state Treasurer George Caleb Bingham . [44] They proceeded to pillage and burn many buildings, killing almost every man they found, but taking care not to shoot women. Official Records of the American Civil War, "Sideshow no longer: A historiographical review of the guerrilla war", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_T._Anderson&oldid=1137633714, People of Missouri in the American Civil War, People with sadistic personality disorder, Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Use shortened footnotes from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 17:50. 1:27. Gen. Henry Halleck. [2] His siblings were Jim, Ellis, Mary Ellen, Josephine and Janie. On the western Missouri border, especially, much of the hardships experienced by these families could be traced to the violence of the 1850s Kansas Missouri Border War. [25] Quantrill was at the time the most prominent guerrilla leader in the KansasMissouri area. ; Battle of Lexington State Historic Site in Lexington, Mo. Concluding that eliminating the bushw[h]acker's support network would help end guerilla fighting, Brig. Baker, a local judge who was a Confederate sympathizer. Plot [ edit] Cocaine dealer, Darrell, leads a cop on a chase through the desert. His family had been living in Council Grove, Territory of Kansas, at the start of the war. . (, Although Wood states that Baker's group sought to join the Confederate army, Castel and Goodrich write that the group planned to conduct ", In his 2003 history of Civil War Missouri, Bruce Nichols stated that Reed led the gang until mid-July 1863. "Bloody" Bill Anderson (1840-1864), the most prolific mass murderer on the American frontier. Some local citizens suspected the Anderson family was assisting Griffith and traveled to their house to confront the elder William Anderson. [11] He joined the freight shipping operation for which his father worked and was given a position known as "second boss" for a wagon trip to New Mexico. Cartridge belts standard with up to 18 bullet loops in your [] Answer: He mistook the cashier for Samuel P Cox, the killer of 'Bloody Bill' Anderson. Again, as I posted earlier, only those that carried the Model 1861 Remington could possibly have availed themselves to this convenience as all the other sidearms took some time to change out the cylinder. Anderson is loosely portrayed by Jim Caviezel as Black John Ambrose in the 1999 Ang Lee film Ride With The Devil. Marker is on the Ray County Courthouse grounds. Anderson and his men were in the rear of the charge, but gathered a large amount of plunder from the dead soldiers, irritating some guerrillas from the front line of the charge. Marshal, but spoke amicably with an acquaintance he found there. 1. Their families and other local Confederate sympathizers supplied them with shelter, food, medical care and tactical information about Union activities. Born in Kentucky in 1839 before moving to Missouri and eventually living in Kansas when the Civil War started, Bill Anderson soon earned the nom de plume "Bloody Bill." An unusual event made a guerrilla out of William Anderson. Quantrill disliked the idea because the town was fortified, but Anderson and Todd prevailed. In late 1863, while Quantrill's Raiders spent the winter in Sherman, Texas, animosity developed between Anderson and Quantrill. Richeson, Richerson, Richardson originally from Taylor County, Kentucky. Copyright20062023,Somerightsreserved. If they were caught, Federals considered them criminals not prisoners of war. A significant historical year for this entry is 1913. The muzzle-loaders required no special ammunition or training and were effective out to about seventy-five or one hundred yards. [73], In June 1864, George M. Todd usurped Quantrill's leadership of their group and forced him to leave the area. Bill and Jim Anderson soon after this drifted off to the Sni Hills, in Missouri, where they had relatives. [88] On August 27, Union soldiers killed at least three of Anderson's men in an engagement near Rocheport. His dark good looks brought him to the attention . On October 26, 1864, the notorious Confederate guerrilla leader William "Bloody Bill" Anderson is killed in Missouri in a Union ambush. Cox stated that he went out & took one of Anderson's pistols along with money & a gold watch. Details on John (b. Anderson was fatally shot twice in the back of the head. Also see . This is his story. As a general rule, bushwhackers would attack quickly and withdraw if. [119], Anderson left the Centralia area on September 27, pursued for the first time by Union forces equipped with artillery. Anderson himself was killed a month later in battle. After selecting a sergeant for a potential prisoner swap, Anderson's men shot the rest. They murdered my family when I was a schoolboy and I was launched into a life of shooting, reprisals and rough-riding." View character biography, pictures and memorable quotes. Depending on which side you asked, these bushwhackers were either heroes or criminals. The Gun manufacturers did not provide extra cylinders for each firearm sold. Cox's bugler gathered up 6 pistols around the body. Raised by a family of Southerners in Kansas, Anderson began to support himself by stealing and selling horses in 1862. [Map inset] Nearby Civil War attractions include Pioneer Cemetery and Ray County Museum in Richmond, Mo. Casey, you have me at a slight disadvantage at the moment in that I have to rely on my memory from what I have read. Your choice of white or . Anderson led a band that targeted Union loyalists and Federal soldiers in Missouri and Kansas. ; Battle of Albany Civil War Marker near Orrick, Mo. They were still suffering from the wounds inflicted by Jayhawkers in their attempt to murder them while being held as prisoners during the summer of 1863. Biographer Larry Wood claimed that Anderson's sisters aided the guerrillas by gathering information inside Union-controlled territory. [43] Anderson personally killed 14 people. [125], Anderson visited Confederate sympathizers as he traveled, some of whom viewed him as a hero for fighting the Union, whom they deeply hated. A lack of Confederate military presence in Missouri led Southern sympathizers to form guerrilla groups to harass Union soldiers and pro-Union citizens. Get A Copy Kindle Unlimited $0.00 Amazon Stores Anderson, William William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson was born in Kentucky in 1839; he migrated with his family from Missouri to the Council Grove, Kansas area before the war. Anderson was upset by the critical tone of the coverage and sent letters to the publications. . Please note that we are about 6-7 months in backorder and the wait is worth it. II. They tortured him until he was near death and sent word to the man's son in an unsuccessful attempt to lure him into an ambush, before releasing the father with instructions to spread word of his mistreatment. Date Posted: 8/12/2009 1:51:23 PM. William Anderson was initially given a chilly reception from other raiders, who perceived him to be brash and overconfident. In 1976, the book was adapted into a film, The Outlaw Josey Wales, which portrays a man who joins Anderson's gang after his wife is killed by Union-backed raiders. They attacked the fort on October 6, but the 90 Union troops there quickly took refuge inside, suffering minimal losses. The Missouri act was an offshoot of the Confederate Partisan Ranger Act instituted by Confederate President Jefferson Davis in April 1862. . His family had been living in Council Grove, Territory of Kansas at the . After he returned to Council Grove he began horse trading, taking horses from towns in Kansas, transporting them to Missouri and returning with more horses. Forces of Change and the Enduring Ozark Frontier: The Civil War. Bushwhacker activities in Missouri increased as a response to Federal occupation and increasingly brutal attacks and raids by Kansas soldiers, or jayhawkers. They soon arrived at the small town of Centralia and proceeded to loot it, robbing people and searching the town for valuables. [4] In 1857, they relocated to the Kansas Territory, traveling southwest on the Santa Fe Trail and settling 13 miles (21km) east of Council Grove. Quantrill and other guerrillas nonetheless sought and sometimes received formal Confederate commissions as partisan rangers. Maupin, pictured above. [48] After a dead raider was scalped by a Union-allied Lenape Indian during the pursuit, one guerrilla leader pledged to adopt the practice of scalping. [145], Union soldiers identified Anderson by a letter found in his pocket and paraded his body through the streets of Richmond, Missouri. Their move to Kansas was likely for economic rather than political reasons. The most infamous order came in response to a brutal guerilla attack on Lawrence, Kan. [56] In March 1864, at the behest of General Sterling Price, Quantrill reassembled his men, sending most of them into active duty with the regular Confederate Army. The argument is not that some of the members carried multiple sidearms but certainly not every member did. [133] The group then traveled west, disregarding the mission assigned by General Price[134] in favor of looting. Anderson led a band that targeted Union loyalists and Federal soldiers in Missouri and Kansas. As armies march across America from 1861 to 1865, other combatants shot soldiers from ambush and terrorized civilians of opposing loyalties in a fierce guerrilla war. The decree exiled about 10,000 people in Jackson, Cass, Bates and northern Vernon counties in Missouri. The film follows a group of people trying to survive while stranded in Sunset Valley, a desert ghost town inhabited by the murderous spirit of Confederate war criminal, William T. Anderson and his horde of zombies. It's either the flesh eating . The guerrillas heard that the cavalry was approaching,[110] and Anderson sent a party to set an ambush. Anderson reached a Confederate Army camp; although he hoped to kill some injured Union prisoners there, he was prevented from doing so by camp doctors. Anderson suggested that they attack Fayette, Missouri, targeting the 9th Missouri Cavalry, which was based at the town. Operating against Unionists in the midst of the guerrilla war in Missouri and Kansas, he was a leading figure in the infamous Lawrence Massacre and the Centralia Massacre, gaining the nickname "Bloody Bill" for the perceived savagery of his exploits.
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